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<span style="mso-bookmark:_Toc6822888"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
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Christine Ehlig-Economides<b> </b></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Toc6822888"><b><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
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<span style="mso-bookmark:_Toc6822888"><b>COMMITTEE: </b>Dr. Ali Daneshy, Dr. George Wong
</span></p>
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<span style="mso-bookmark:_Toc6822888">Data-Driven Approach to Identifying the ISIP and Quantifying Friction Losses in Hydraulic Fracture Treatments</span></p>
<h1 style="margin: 12pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; break-after: avoid; font-size: 16pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: normal">
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Toc6822888">Abstract</span></h1>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";line-height:normal">
The instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP) picked from the pressure falloff following each hydraulic fracturing treatment stage has been used to evaluate stress shadowing effects and is required for modeling injection treatment behavior.
<a>However, traditional methods for estimating ISIP have no theoretical justification and are highly dependent on arbitrarily selected points. In this paper, we show a more rigorous approach to quantify the ISIP that also enables estimation of parameters governing
wellbore, perforation, and near-wellbore tortuosity friction losses.</a></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";line-height:normal">
The existing diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT) analysis model coupling Wellbore Storage (WBS) with friction dissipation that enables estimation of friction losses and the ISIP for the DFIT analysis enables estimation of these same parameters from falloff
data following the hydraulic fracturing treatment.</p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";line-height:normal">
The pressure difference and its derivative in the log-log diagnostic plot generated from the falloff at the end of the fracture pumping treatment is an effective diagnostic plot to identify portions of the data dominated by wellbore storage and friction losses.
Coupled wellbore and friction losses dominate the immediate pressure falloff after the end of pumping. This behavior is followed by tortuosity friction loss. The ISIP occurs at the end of all friction losses, and usually the treatment data include sufficient
time to clearly identify the ISIP value. The log-log diagnostic plot enables identification of wellbore and perforation friction loss, tortuosity friction loss, and the ISIP. Changes in the ISIP estimated for successive treatment stages along the horizontal
well may be related to a stress shadowing effect. Stage by stage changes in friction losses along the horizontal well may reflect operational factors that could enable improvements in treatment design. Field examples demonstrate how the ISIP profile along
a well compares between this approach and common field practices and show variations in friction losses along the well that have never before been shown.</p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";line-height:normal">
The paper provides a quick approach to evaluate friction losses and the ISIP from hydraulic fracturing treatment falloff data. The approach reduces uncertainty in ISIP estimates and the friction loss estimates provide new insights.</p>
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