<html><head></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; "><div><br></div><span id="OLK_SRC_BODY_SECTION"><div xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel" xmlns:dt="uuid:C2F41010-65B3-11d1-A29F-00AA00C14882" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div class="WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:center;line-height:150%;background:white"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; ">PhD DEFENSE STUDENT: </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; ">Jihae Chung<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:center;line-height:150%;background:white"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; ">DATE: </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; ">Tuesday, March 28, 2017<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:center;line-height:150%;background:white"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; ">TIME: </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; ">4:00 PM<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:center;line-height:150%;background:white"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; ">PLACE:</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; "> Chemical Engineering Conference Room<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:150%;background:white"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; ">DISSERTATION CHAIR:
</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; ">Dr. Jeffrey Rimer
<o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="margin-bottom:8.0pt"><div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:150%;background:white"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; "><hr size="2" width="100%" align="center"></span></div></div><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:center;line-height:150%;background:white"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; ">TITLE:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:center;line-height:150%;background:white"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; ">Role of Polyprotic Acids and Inhibitors of Calcium Oxalate Crystallization<span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="Paragraph" style="text-indent:0in"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%">Crystallization is a ubiquitous phenomenon in many synthetic, natural, and biological systems that is often mediated by the action of foreign molecules (or modifiers)
to tune the physicochemical properties of crystalline materials. Pathological biomineralization is a notable example of an undesirable crystallization process where modifiers act as inhibitors to reduce the rate of crystal growth. Here, we focus on the effects
of modifiers and parametric studies of the growth medium on the crystallization of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), which is the most prevalent constituent of human kidney stones. We performed a systematic study to observe the specificity and efficacy of
polyprotic organic acids, including the current drug citrate and its structural analogues, on COM crystallization. Interestingly, we identified modifiers that exhibit different modes of inhibitory action. A notable example is that of hydroxycitrate, which
induces dissolution of the crystal surface in highly supersaturated growth solutions. Combined results from
<i>in situ</i> atomic force microscopy studies and density functional theory calculations support our hypothesis that modifier-crystal interactions induce localized strain on the crystal lattice, which, in turn, leads to surface dissolution. We also studied
the effects of solute and modifier speciation on COM crystallization under varying solution alkalinity that encompasses physiological conditions. We observe a pronounced disparity in the efficacy of modifiers with solution alkalinity owing to changes in local
supersaturation near the crystal surface. Collectively, the improved fundamental understanding of modifier-crystal interactions coupled with high-resolution characterization techniques serve as a platform to developing new therapeutics for kidney stone disease
as well as elucidating the role of natural biomolecules in the pathological biomineralization of calcium oxalate stones.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></span><style><!--
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