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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><img width=442 height=354 id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image001.jpg@01D152CB.20324860"></span><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>Title: </span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>Classifying People by Color: How Racial Categories Change Over Time<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'>Speaker: </span></b><span style='color:black'>Alberto Martinez, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'>Date</span></b><span style='color:black'>: Monday, February 29, 2016 <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'>Time</span></b><span style='color:black'>: 11:00 am to 12:30 pm<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'>Cost</span></b><span style='color:black'>: FREE and open to the public<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'>Location</span></b><span style='color:black'>: Philip G Hoffmann Hall, Room 232 (PGH-232) Main Campus, University of Houston<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'>Contact and Phone Number</span></b><span style='color:black'>: Ioannis Pavlidis, Ph.D., 713-743-0101<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'>Link: </span></b><a href="http://www.uh.edu/ethicsinscience/Seminars/Alberto-Martinez.php">http://www.uh.edu/ethicsinscience/Seminars/Alberto-Martinez.php</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoPlainText style='mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>Summary</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'>: </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>For years, I’ve taught a course titled “Biology, Behavior, and Injustice.” Among various topics, we discuss the history of how past scientists struggled to classify people in terms of race. At the University of Texas at Austin, where I teach, students are classified into five major racial categories: Black, Hispanic, Native American, Asian, and White. For comparison, I show my students an old science textbook, published a hundred years ago, that shows somewhat similar racial categories: “Black,” “Brown,” “Red,” “Yellow,” and “White.” Now of course, skin tones are not the most scientific way to classify people. Still, such classifications are among the most pervasive ways in which people think about others. Even scientists, physicians, and statisticians end up using and reifying such traditional and problematic categories. I will argue that we should stop reifying traditional racial categories. To do so, I will show how racial categories have changed over time, in American history in particular, to illustrate the arbitrariness of such categories. I will also discuss the results of an experiment that I’ve carried out with students at UT Austin. I compared students’ perceptions of skin tones and have found strikingly unexpected results showing how much they disagree when trying to identify races. I will urge that it is unethical for scientists to reify traditional racial classifications, but that we should devise better ways to plainly describe human differences.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>