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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:center;background:white"><b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">Physical Optimization of Hydraulic
Fracturing with Unified Fracture Design</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:center;background:white"><b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "> </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:center;background:white"><b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">Arjun Ravikumar, Master of Science in
Petroleum Engineering</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:center;background:white"><b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "> </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:center;background:white"><b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">Defense Date:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "> Monday,
November 24<sup>th</sup> 2014 <b>Time: </b>9:00 am <b>Location
Room:</b> Room 124 in the ERP, bldg.9</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:center;background:white"><b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">Committee Members:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "> Dr. W. John
Lee, Dr. Michael Myers, Dr.Kaspar Willam</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:center;background:white"> <span style="font-size: 10.5pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%">Acid fracturing is a reservoir
stimulation technique where a fracture is created by injection of acid into the
reservoir instead of conventional proppant slurry. The acid causes differential
etching on the fracture walls, creating asperities. These asperities hold up
the fracture wall, thus contributing to fracture conductivity.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%">Acid fracturing is used mainly to
stimulate carbonate rock. This technique has certain advantages over
conventional fracturing. There is no proppant used, therefore the risk of
screenout is nullified. There are also logistic reasons such as transport of
proppant, which might make acid fracturing a viable choice.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%">Theoretically, acid fractures have
infinite conductivity in these conduits. This is not always true in practice.
In this work, a physical optimization of acid fracturing is performed by
utilizing the Unified Fracture Design methodology (UFD, hereforth). Parametric
studies are performed to study the dependency of productivity on various
factors.<o:p></o:p></p>
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